↑ Cantón Navarro, José and Juan Jacobin (1998). History of Cuba: The Challenge of the Yoke and the Star: Biography of a People. Havana: Editoral SI-MAR. ISBN959-7054-19-1. p. 35.
↑ Rieu-Millan, Marie Laure (1990). Los diputados americanos en las Cortes de Cádiz: Igualdad o independencia. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. p. 41. ISBN978-84-00-07091-5.
↑ Estrada, Alfredo José. Havana: Autobiography of a City. St. Martin's Publishing Group, 2016, p. 102
↑ Navarro, José Cantón (1998). History of Cuba. La Habana. pp. 36–38. ISBN 959-7054-19-1.
↑ Simons, Geoff: Cuba. From Conquistador to Castro, London 1996, p. 138.
↑ Martínez Almira, Magdalena. “APUNTES sobre la ABOLICIÓN ESCLAVITUD EN ESPAÑA” (PDF) (bằng tiếng Tây Ban Nha). Univesidad de Alicante. Truy cập ngày 9 tháng 12 năm 2020. [...] en 1817 Fernando VII firmo una real cédula que prohíbe la introducción de esclavos africanos en las posesiones españolas y que entraría en vigor en 1820.
↑ Cantón Navarro, José (1998). History of Cuba. La Habana. p. 40. ISBN959-7054-19-1.
↑ Algo más que un sabio maestro (bằng tiếng Tây Ban Nha). Cubanet Independente. ngày 18 tháng 6 năm 2003. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 13 tháng 11 năm 2007. Truy cập ngày 30 tháng 10 năm 2007.
↑ Worthington, Chauncey Ford (2001). Writings of John Quincy Adams (vol. VII). Boston, Massachusetts. p. 372.
↑ Worthington, Chauncey Ford (2001). Writings of John Quincy Adams (vol. VII). Boston, Massachusetts. p. 373.
↑ Worthington, Chauncey Ford (2001). Writings of John Quincy Adams (vol. VII). Boston, Massachusetts. p. 379.
↑ Díez de Medina, Raúl (1934). Autopsy of the Monroe doctrine: The strange story of inter-American relations. New York. p. 21.
↑ Editions, Dupont Circle; Chao, Raúl Eduardo (2009). Baraguá: Insurgents and Exiles in Cuba and New York During the Ten Year War on Independence (1868–1878). tr. 293.
↑ Cecil, Leslie (2012). New Frontiers in Latin American Borderlands. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. tr. 37.
↑ Cantón Navarro, José. History of Cuba. pp. 53–55.
↑ Cantón Navarro, José. History of Cuba. pp. 55–57.
↑ Gerald E. Poyo, With All, and for the Good of All: The Emergence of Popular Nationalism in the Cuban Communities of the United States, 1848–1898 (Duke University Press, 1989).
↑ George W. Auxier, "The propaganda activities of the Cuban Junta in precipitating the Spanish–American War, 1895–1898." Hispanic American Historical Review 19.3 (1939): 286-305. in JSTORLưu trữ 2018-07-20 tại Wayback Machine
↑ Schellings, William J. "Florida and the Cuban Revolution, 1895–1898." Florida Historical Quarterly (1960): 175-186. in JSTORLưu trữ 2016-10-25 tại Wayback Machine
↑ Cantón Navarro, José. History of Cuba. pp. 59–60.
↑ Cantón Navarro, José. History of Cuba. pp. 64–65.
↑ Tucker, Spencer (2009). The encyclopedia offers two complete volumes of alphabetically organized entries... Philippine- American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. tr. 246.
↑ Wisan, Joseph E. (1955). “The Cuban Crisis As Reflected in the New York Press”. Trong Greene, Theodore P. (biên tập). American imperialism in 1898. Heath. OCLC1060537142.
↑ Daley#, L. (2000). El Fortin Canosa en la Cuba del 1898. in Los Ultimos Dias del Comienzo. Ensayos sobre la Guerra Hispano-Cubana-Estadounidense. B. E. Aguirre and E. Espina (eds.). RiL Editores: Santiago de Chile. pp. 161–71.
↑ Juan C. Santamarina. "The Cuba Company and the Expansion of American Business in Cuba, 1898–1915". Business History Review 74.01 (Spring 2000): 41–83. pp. 52–53.
↑ Hugh Thomas. Cuba, The Pursuit of Freedom. tr. 1173.
↑ Guerra, Lillian (2010). Grandin, Greg; Joseph, Gilbert M. (biên tập). Beyond Paradox. A Century of Revolution. American Encounters/Global Interactions. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. tr. 199–238. ISBN978-0-8223-4737-8.
↑ Havana Nocturne: How the Mob Owned Cuba and Then Lost It to the Revolution, by T. J. English, William Morrow, 2008, ISBN0-06-114771-0.
↑ CIA (1963). Political Murders in Cuba -- Batista Era Compared with Castro Regime
↑ Wickham-Crowley, Timothy P. (1990). Exploring Revolution: Essays on Latin American Insurgency and Revolutionary Theory. Armonk and London: M.E. Sharpe. P. 63 "Estimates of hundreds or perhaps about a thousand deaths due to Batista's terror are also supported by comments made by Fidel Castro and other Batista critics during the war itself."
↑ Guerra, Lillian (2012). Visions of Power in Cuba: Revolution, Redemption, and Resistance, 1959–1971. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 42 "The likely total was probably closer to three to four thousand."
↑ Conflict, Order, and Peace in the Americas, by the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, 1978, p. 121. "The US-supported Batista regime killed 20,000 Cubans"
↑ Quotations from "Unofficial Visit of Prime Minister Castro of Cuba to Washington – A Tentative Evaluation", enclosed in Herter to Eisenhower, ngày 23 tháng 4 năm 1959, jFRUS 1958–60, 6:483, and Special NIE in: "The Situation in the Caribbean through 1959", ngày 30 tháng 6 năm 1959, p. 3, NSA
↑ NSC meeting, ngày 14 tháng 1 năm 1960, FRUS 1958-60, 6:742–43.
↑ Braddock to SecState, Havana, ngày 1 tháng 2 năm 1960, FRUS 1958–60, 6:778.
↑ Compare:Gleijeses, Piero (2002). “Castro's Cuba, 1959-1964”. Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959–1976. Envisioning Cuba. Univ of North Carolina Press (xuất bản 2011). tr. 14–15. ISBN9780807861622. Truy cập ngày 25 tháng 2 năm 2018. At an NSC meeting on ngày 14 tháng 1 năm 1960, Under Secretary Livingstone Merchant noted that 'our present objective was to adjust all our actions in such a way as to accelerate the development of an opposition in Cuba which would bring about... a new government favorable to U.S. interests.' He then asked the assistant secretary for inter-American affairs, Roy Rubottom, to summarize the evolution of U.S.-Cuban relations since January 1959: [...] 'The period from January to March might be characterized as the honeymoon period of the Castro government. In April a downward trend in US–Cuban relations had been evident… In June we had reached the decision that it was not possible to achieve our objectives with Castro in power and had agreed to undertake the program referred to by Mr. Merchant. [...] On 31 October, in agreement with the Central Intelligence Agency, the Department had recommended to the President approval of a program along the lines referred to by Mr. Merchant. The approved program authorized us to support elements in Cuba opposed to the Castro government while making Castro's downfall seem to be the result of his own mistakes.'
↑ Priestland, Jane (editor, 2003). British Archives on Cuba: Cuba under Castro 1959–1962. Archival Publications International Limited: London. ISBN1-903008-20-4.
1 2 US Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States 1961–1963, Volume X Cuba, 1961–1962 Washington, D.C. Lưu trữ 2013-11-01 tại Wayback Machine)
↑ Angelo Trento. Castro and Cuba: From the revolution to the present. Arris books. 2005.
↑ Domínguez, Jorge I. "The @#$%& Missile Crisis (Or, What was 'Cuban' about US Decisions during the Cuban Missile Crisis". Diplomatic History: The Journal of the Society for Historians of Foreign Relations, Vol. 24, No. 2, (Spring 2000): 305–15.)
↑ Jack Anderson (ngày 18 tháng 1 năm 1971). "6 Attempts to Kill Castro Laid to CIA". The Washington Post
↑ Agustín Blázquez; Jaums Sutton. “UMAP: Castro's genocide plan”. Lưu trữ bản gốc ngày 21 tháng 7 năm 2012. Truy cập ngày 27 tháng 7 năm 2013.Quản lý CS1: sử dụng tham số tác giả (liên kết)
1 2 Leslie Bethell. The Cambridge History of Latin America.
↑ Katherine Hirschfeld. Health, politics, and revolution in Cuba since 1898.
↑ Stapleton, Timothy J. (2010). A Military History of South Africa: From the Dutch-Khoi Wars to the End of Apartheid: From the Dutch-Khoi Wars to the End of Apartheid. ABC-CLIO. tr. 171.
↑ Guimaraes, Fernando Andresen (2016). The Origins of the Angolan Civil War: Foreign Intervention and Domestic Political Conflict, 1961-76. Springer. tr. 223.
↑ George, Edward (2004). The Cuban Intervention in Angola, 1965-1991: From Che Guevara to Cuito Cuanavale. Routledge. tr. 118.
↑ "Cuba Factsheet". US Department of State. 30 August 2013. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 2 năm 2014.
↑ PDF copy of the memorandumLưu trữ 9 tháng 4 2008 tại Wayback Machine. Centro de Informacion de la Defensa de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias (CIDFAR – Information Centre of the Revolutionary Armed Forces). 20 October 1963. Truy cập 3 February 2013.
↑ Ernesto "Che" Guevara (2001). The African Dream: The Diaries of the Revolutionary War in the Congo – With an Introduction by Richard Gott. New York: Grove Press.
↑ British Foreign Office. Chancery American Department, Foreign Office, London, 2 September 1959 (2181/59) to British Embassy Havana. Classified as restricted. Released 2000 among British Foreign Office papers. FOREIGN OFFICES FILES FOR CUBA Part 1: Revolution in Cuba. "In our letter 1011/59 May 6 we mentioned that a Russian workers' delegation had been invited to participate in the May Day celebrations here, but had been delayed. The interpreter with the party, which arrived later and stayed in Cuba a few days, was called Vadim Kotchergin although he was at the time using what he subsequently claimed was his mother's name of Liston (?). He remained in the background, and did not attract any attention."
↑ El campo de entrenamiento "Punto Cero" donde el Partido Comunista de Cuba (PCC) adiestra a terroristas nacionales e internacionales. Cuban American Foundation. 7 tháng 11 năm 2005. Bản gốc lưu trữ 28 Tháng tám năm 2008. Truy cập 8 Tháng Một năm 2008. (English title: The training camp "Point Zero" where the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC) trained national and international terrorists) "… Los coroneles soviéticos de la KGB Vadim Kochergin y Victor Simonov (ascendido a general en 1970) fueron entrenadores en "Punto Cero" desde finales de los años 60 del siglo pasado. Uno de los" graduados" por Simonov en este campo de entrenamiento es Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, más conocido como "Carlos El Chacal". Otro "alumno" de esta instalación del terror es el mexicano Rafael Sebastián Guillén, alias "subcomandante Marcos", quien se "graduó" en "Punto Cero" a principio de los años 80."
1 2 Carl Gershman; Orlando Gutierrez (tháng 1 năm 2009). “Can Cuba Change?” (PDF). Journal of Democracy. 20 (1). Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ 18 tháng Chín năm 2009. Truy cập 26 Tháng tám năm 2009.Quản lý CS1: sử dụng tham số tác giả (liên kết)
1 2 Carlos Lauria; Monica Campbell; María Salazar (18 tháng 3 năm 2008). “Cuba's Long Black Spring”. The Committee To Protect Journalists. Bản gốc lưu trữ 30 Tháng tám năm 2011. Truy cập 4 tháng Chín năm 2015.Quản lý CS1: sử dụng tham số tác giả (liên kết)
↑ Robert Huish and John M. Kirk (2007), "Cuban Medical Internationalism and the Development of the Latin American School of Medicine", Latin American Perspectives, 34; 77
